How do we attempt such questions? One more question which I have:-
1st question:
because the angles are small, the distance of the sun is L_S = 13,9\cdot 10^8/32’=1.493\cdot 10^{11}\space\text{m}. I have preliminarily translated this angle in radians. The desired angular diameter is \theta_\text{sunspot} = 1.74\cdot10^6/L_S=1.165\cdot10^{-5}\space\text{rad}=2.4’’
2nd question:
for any problem involving solid angles it is necessary to know the formula
d\Omega = \iint_S\sin\varphi d\theta d\varphi,
when the coordinates of an element dS are described in spherical coordinates
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Oh, I see… I need to know spherical coordinates. Thank you!